{"id":2773,"date":"2021-05-10T06:13:57","date_gmt":"2021-05-10T06:13:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/3.35.173.53\/?p=2773"},"modified":"2021-05-10T06:13:57","modified_gmt":"2021-05-10T06:13:57","slug":"twenge-j-m-konrath-s-foster-j-d-keith-campbell-w-bushman-b-j-2008-egos-inflating-over-time-a-cross%e2%80%90temporal-meta%e2%80%90analysis-of-the-narcissistic-personality-inventor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/?p=2773","title":{"rendered":"Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Keith Campbell, W., &#038;Bushman, B. J. (2008). Egos inflating over time: A cross\u2010temporal meta\u2010analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>ABSTRACT\t\t\t\t\t <\/strong> A cross\u2010temporal meta\u2010analysis found that narcissism levels have risen over the generations in 85 samples of American college students who completed the 40\u2010item forced\u2010choice Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) between 1979 and 2006 (total <i>n<\/i>=16,475). Mean narcissism scores were significantly correlated with year of data collection when weighted by sample size (\u03b2=.53, <i>p<\/i>&lt;.001). Since 1982, NPI scores have increased 0.33 standard deviation. Thus, almost two\u2010thirds of recent college students are above the mean 1979\u20131985 narcissism score, a 30% increase. The results complement previous studies finding increases in other individualistic traits such as assertiveness, agency, self\u2010esteem, and extraversion.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!--StartFragment--><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ud568\ucd08\ub86c\ubc14\ud0d5; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Keith Campbell, W., &amp; Bushman, B. J. (2008). Egos inflating over time: A cross<\/span><span style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515;\">\u2010<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ud568\ucd08\ub86c\ubc14\ud0d5; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">temporal meta<\/span><span style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-fareast-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: \ub098\ub214\ubc14\ub978\uace0\ub515;\">\u2010<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ud568\ucd08\ub86c\ubc14\ud0d5; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: \ud568\ucd08\ub86c\ubc14\ud0d5; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">Journal of personality, 76<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ud568\ucd08\ub86c\ubc14\ud0d5; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">(4), 875-902.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x\"><u style=\"text-underline: #0000ff single;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 255); letter-spacing: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: \ud568\ucd08\ub86c\ubc14\ud0d5; mso-font-width: 100%; mso-text-raise: 0pt;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"0\" style=\"background: rgb(255, 255, 255); mso-pagination: none; mso-padding-alt: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt;\">  <!--[if !supportEmptyParas]-->&nbsp;<!--[endif]-->  <o:p><\/o:p><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ABSTRACT A cross\u2010temporal meta\u2010analysis found that narcissism levels have risen over the generations in 85 samples of American college students who completed the 40\u2010item forced\u2010choice Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) between 1979 and 2006 (total n=16,475). Mean narcissism scores were significantly correlated with year of data collection when weighted by sample size (\u03b2=.53, p&lt;.001). Since 1982, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,15],"tags":[740,83],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2773"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2773"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2773\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2774,"href":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2773\/revisions\/2774"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happyfinder.co.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}