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Construal level theory proposes that temporal distance changes people’s responses to future events by changing the way people mentally represent those events. The greater the temporal distance, the more likely are events to be represented in terms of a few abstract features that convey the perceived essence of the events (high-level construals) rather than in …
더 보기 “Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2003). Temporal construal. Psychological Review, 110(3), 403-421.”
Default options can lead to striking differences in preferences, with significant economic impact. The authors of this Policy Forum use natural and experimental data to examine the impact of simple policy defaults on the decision to become an organ donor, finding large effects that significantly increase donation rates. Johnson, E. J., & Goldstein, …
더 보기 “Johnson, E. J., & Goldstein, D. (2003). Do defaults save lives?. Science, 302, 1338-1339.”
Using a simple videogame, the effect of ethnicity on shoot/don’t shoot decisions was examined. African American or White targets, holding guns or other objects, appeared in complex backgrounds. Participants were told to “shoot” armed targets and to “not shoot” unarmed targets. In Study 1, participants made the correct decision to shoot an armed target more …
Inspired by potential theoretical linkages between nonconscious priming work in psychology and the anthropological emphasis on the impact of material culture, five studies were conducted to investigate the role of implicitly presented material objects and automatic processes in interpersonal and organizational contexts. These studies showed that exposure to objects common to the domain of business …
Self-reports of behaviors and attitudes are strongly influenced by features of the research instrument, including question wording, format, and context. Recent research has addressed the underlying cognitive and communicative processes, which are systematic and increasingly well-understood. The author reviews what has been learned, focusing on issues of question comprehension, behavioral frequency reports, and the emergence …
Two experiments examined the effects of answering a question about a specific component of life satisfaction on respondents’ assessment of their overall satisfaction with life. The results suggest that the use of primed information in forming subsequent judgments is determined by Grice’s conversational norms. In general, answering the specific question increases the accessibility of information …
Patients’ memories of painful medical procedures may influence their decisions about future treatments, yet memories are imperfect and susceptible to bias. We recorded in real-time the intensity of pain experienced by patients undergoing colonoscopy (n = 154) and lithotripsy (n = 133). We subsequently examined patients’ retrospective evaluations of the total pain of the procedure, …
Autochthonous determinants of perception are accurately measured by psychophysics. There is need for equally precise measurement of motivational determinants. The experiments on estimating size were planned to test hypotheses that such determinants are more influential when objects have greater social or individual value. Ten-year-old children adjusted a lighted circle to the perceived size of 5 …
People assume that they perceive the world as it really is. In this article, we review research that questions this assumption and instead suggests that people see what they want to see. We discuss classic and current research demonstrating wishful seeing across two perceptual tasks, showing that people categorize ambiguous visual information and represent their …
The problem and the solution. Most executives are aware of the negative consequences associated with an organizational crisis and focus on communications and public relations as a reactive strategy. However, many neglect the other leadership responsibilities associated with organizational crises.This may result from lack of formal training and on-the-job experiences that prepare executives to lead …