The first symptom Jessica McPherson noticed was a weakness in her arms. Then her muscles began to twitch. She feared the worst, suspecting it might be amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a fatal neurological disorder also known as Lou Gehrig disease. But her family doctor provided a much less grim diagnosis: medical school syndrome. The …
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Havas, D. A., Glenberg, A. M., Gutowski, K. A., Lucarelli, M. J., &Davidson, R. J. (2010). Cosmetic use of botulinum toxin-A affects processing of emotional language.
How does language reliably evoke emotion, as it does when people read a favorite novel or listen to a skilled orator? Recent evidence suggests that comprehension involves a mental simulation of sentence content that calls on the same neural systems used in literal action, perception, and emotion. In this study, we demonstrated that involuntary facial …
Gervais, M., &Wilson, D. S. (2005). The evolution and functions of laughter and humor: A synthetic approach. The Quarterly review of biology, 80(4), 395-430.
A number of recent hypotheses have attempted to explain the ultimate evolutionary origins of laughter and humor. However, most of these have lacked breadth in their evolutionary frameworks while neglecting the empirical existence of two distinct types of laughter—Duchenne and non‐Duchenne—and the implications of this distinction for the evolution of laughter as a signal. Most …
Grant, A. M. (2012). Leading with meaning: Beneficiary contact, prosocial impact, and the performance effects of transformational leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55(2), 458-476.
Although transformational leadership is thought to increase followers’ performance by motivating them to transcend self-interest, rhetoric alone may not be sufficient. I propose that transformational leadership is most effective in motivating followers when they interact with the beneficiaries of their work, which highlights how the vision has meaningful consequences for other people. In a quasi-experimental …
Riener, C. R., Stefanucci, J. K., Proffitt, D. R., &Clore, G. (2011). An effect of mood on the perception of geographical slant. Cognition and Emotion, 25(1), 174-182.
Previous research has shown that hills appear steeper to those who are fatigued, encumbered, of low physical fitness, elderly, or in declining health (Bhalla & Proffitt, 1999; Proffitt, Bhalla, Gossweiler, & Midgett, 1995). The prevailing interpretation of this research is that observers’ perceptions of the environment are influenced by their capacity to navigate that environment. …
Taylor, J. A., &Shaw, D. F. (2002). The effects of outcome imagery on golf-putting performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(8), 607-613.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of positive and negative outcome imagery on golf-putting performance. Players of both high and low ability performed a golf-putting task in three imagery conditions: (a) a positive outcome imagery condition, (b) a negative outcome imagery condition and (c) a no-imagery control condition. The task was …
Knowles, P. A., Grove, S. J., &Keck, K. (1994). Signal detection theory and sales effectiveness. Journal of Personal Selling &Sales Management, 14(2), 1-14.
The salesperson who is engaged in an adaptive selling effort often finds him/herself in a complex circumstance wrought with uncertainty. To negotiate the sales encounter successfully, the individual must call upon perceptual and cognitive skills in order to respond effectively to cues of possible events. The dynamics of this elaborate process are aptly detailed in …
Iyengar, S. S., &Lepper, M. R. (2000). When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing?. Journal of personality and social psychology, 79(6), 995-1006.
Current psychological theory and research affirm the positive affective and motivational consequences of having personal choice. These findings have led to the popular notion that the more choice, the better—that the human ability to manage, and the human desire for, choice is unlimited. Findings from 3 experimental studies starkly challenge this implicit assumption that having …
Park, C. L., Cohen, L. H., &Murch, R. L. (1996). Assessment and prediction of stress‐related growth. Journal of personality, 64(1), 71-105.
This article reports the development of the Stress‐Related Growth Scale (SRGS) and its use in a study examining determinants of stress‐related positive outcomes for college students. Study 1 analyses showed that the SRGS has acceptable internal and test‐retest reliability and that scores are not influenced by social desirability. Study 2 analyses showed that college …
Isen, A. M., &Reeve, J. (2005). The influence of positive affect on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Facilitating enjoyment of play, responsible work behavior, and self-control.
[Two experiments demonstrated that positive affect fosters intrinsic motivation, as reflected by choice of activity in a free-choice situation and by rated amount of enjoyment of a novel and challenging task, but also promotes responsible work behavior in a situation where the work needs to be done. Where there was work that needed to be …