Social commentators have pointed to problems of workers who face “time stress”—an absence of sufficient time to accomplish all their tasks. An economic theory views time stress as reflecting how tightly the time constraint binds households. Time stress will be more prevalent in households with higher full earnings and whose members work longer in the …
카테고리 글 보관함:행복DB
Zauberman, G., &Lynch, J. G., Jr. (2005). Resource Slack and Propensity to Discount Delayed Investments of Time Versus Money.
The authors demonstrate that people discount delayed outcomes as a result of perceived changes over time in supplies of slack. Slack is the perceived surplus of a given resource available to complete a focal task. The present research shows that, in general, people expect slack for time to be greater in the future than in …
Killingsworth, M. A., &Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330(6006), 932-932.
We developed a smartphone technology to sample people’s ongoing thoughts, feelings, and actions and found (i) that people are thinking about what is not happening almost as often as they are thinking about what is and (ii) found that doing so typically makes them unhappy. Killingsworth, M. A., &Gilbert, D. T. (2010). A …
DeVoe, S. E., &Pfeffer, J. (2007). When time is money: The effect of hourly payment on the evaluation of time. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 104(1), 1-13.
Empirical research shows decisions about time are often made differently than decisions about money, belying the oft-quoted maxim that “time is money”. However, there are organizational practices such as payment on the basis of time that can make the equivalence of time and money salient and are associated with an economic evaluation of time. Study …
DeVoe, S. E., Lee, B. Y., &Pfeffer, J. (2010). Hourly versus salaried payment and decisions about trading time and money over time. ILR Review, 63(4), 627-640.
Using longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey, the authors examine how individuals’ employment compensation—salaried or hourly—affects their decisions to trade time for money. Results indicate that there is a positive association between hourly wages and a desire to exchange leisure time for more money. This relationship holds even when a fixed-effects model controls …
Liberman, N., &Trope, Y. (2008). The psychology of transcending the here and now. Science, 322(5905), 1201-1205.
People directly experience only themselves here and now but often consider, evaluate, and plan situations that are removed in time or space, that pertain to others’ experiences, and that are hypothetical rather than real. People thus transcend the present and mentally traverse temporal distance, spatial distance, social distance, and hypotheticality. We argue that this is …
Wilson, T. D., Wheatley, T., Meyers, J. M., Gilbert, D. T., &Axsom, D. (2000). Focalism: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting..
The durability bias, the tendency to overpredict the duration of affective reactions to future events, may be due in part to focalism, whereby people focus too much on the event in question and not enough on the consequences of other future events. If so, asking people to think about other future activities should reduce the …
Caruso, E. M., Gilbert, D. T., &Wilson, T. D. (2008). A wrinkle in time: Asymmetric valuation of past and future events. Psychological Science, 19(8), 796-801.
A series of studies shows that people value future events more than equivalent events in the equidistant past. Whether people imagined being compensated or compensating others, they required and offered more compensation for events that would take place in the future than for identical events that had taken place in the past. This temporal value …
Andrykowski, M. A. (1987). Do infusion-related tastes and odors facilitate the development of anticipatory nausea? A failure to support hypothesis. Health Psychology, 6(4), 329-341.
78 new chemotherapy adult outpatients were interviewed following infusions regarding the experience of infusion-related (IR) tastes, odors, and body sensations. Development of anticipatory nausea or vomiting (ANV) was unrelated to reports of tastes and odors both during Ss’ initial 2 chemotherapy infusions and during the 2 subsequent infusions. It is concluded that IR tastes and …
Dodds, P. S., & Danforth, C. M. (2010). Measuring the happiness of large-scale written expression: Songs, blogs, and presidents. Journal of happiness studies, 11(4), 441-456.
The importance of quantifying the nature and intensity of emotional states at the level of populations is evident: we would like to know how, when, and why individuals feel as they do if we wish, for example, to better construct public policy, build more successful organizations, and, from a scientific perspective, more fully understand economic …