Social norms are usually neglected in economics, because they are to a large extent enforced through nonmarket interactions and difficult to isolate empirically. In this paper, we offer a direct measure of the social norm to work and we show that this norm has important economic effects. The stronger the norm, the more quickly unemployed …
카테고리 글 보관함:행복DB
Becker, G. S. (1965). A Theory of the Allocation of Time. The economic journal, 493-517.
초록 없음 Becker, G. S. (1965). A Theory of the Allocation of Time. The economic journal, 493-517. https://doi.org/10.2307/2228949
Kahneman, D., Wakker, P. P., &Sarin, R. (1997). Back to Bentham? Explorations of experienced utility.
Two core meanings of “utility” are distinguished. “Decision utility” is the weight of an outcome in a decision. “Experienced utility” is hedonic quality, as in Bentham’s usage. Experienced utility can be reported in real time (instant utility), or in retrospective evaluations of past episodes (remembered utility). Psychological research has documented systematic errors in retrospective evaluations, …
Wilson, T. D., &Schooler, J. W. (1991). Thinking too much: introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions.Journal of personality and social psychology, 60(2), 181-192.
In Study 1, 49 college students’ preferences for different brands of strawberry jams were compared with experts’ ratings of the jams. Students who analyzed why they felt the way they did agreed less with the experts than students who did not. In Study 2, 243 college students’ preferences for college courses were compared with expert …
Ross, M. (1989). Relation of implicit theories to the construction of personal histories. Psychological Review, 96(2), 341-357.
It is hypothesized that people possess implicit theories regarding the inherent consistency of their attributes, as well as a set of principles concerning the conditions that are likely to promote personal change or stability. The nature of these theories is discussed in the context of a study of beliefs about life-span development. It is then …
Frey, B. S., &Osterloh, M. (2005). Yes, managers should be paid like bureaucrats. Journal of Management Inquiry, 14(1), 96-111.
Corporate scandals, reflected in excessive management compensation and fraudulent accounts, cause great damage. Agency theory’s insistence to link the compensation of managers and directors as closely as possible to firm performance is a major reason for these scandals. They cannot be overcome by improving variable pay for performance as selfish extrinsic motivation is reinforced. Based …
Osterloh, M., &Frey, B. S. (2006). Shareholders should welcome knowledge workers as directors. Journal of Management &Governance, 10(3), 325-345.
The most influential approach of corporate governance, the view of shareholders’ supremacy does not take into consideration that the key task of modern corporations is to generate and transfer firm-specific knowledge. It proposes that, in order to overcome the widespread corporate scandals, the interests of top management and directors should be increasingly aligned to shareholder’ …
Loewenstein, G., O& #39;Donoghue, T., &Rabin, M. (2003). Projection bias in predicting future utility. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4), 1209-1248.
People exaggerate the degree to which their future tastes will resemble their current tastes. We present evidence from a variety of domains which demonstrates the prevalence of such projection bias, develop a formal model of it, and use this model to demonstrate its importance in economic environments. We show that, when people exhibit habit formation, …
Shafir, E., Simonson, I., &Tversky, A. (1993). Reason-based choice. Cognition, 49(1-2), 11-36.
This paper considers the role of reasons and arguments in the making of decisions. It is proposed that, when faced with the need to choose, decision makers often seek and construct reasons in order to resolve the conflict and justify their choice, to themselves and to others. Experiments that explore and manipulate the role of …
Hsee, C. K., Zhang, J., Yu, F., &Xi, Y. (2003). Lay rationalism and inconsistency between predicted experience and decision.
Decision‐makers are sometimes depicted as impulsive and overly influenced by ‘hot’, affective factors. The present research suggests that decision‐makers may be too ‘cold’ and overly focus on rationalistic attributes, such as economic values, quantitative specifications, and functions. In support of this proposition, we find a systematic inconsistency between predicted experience and decision. That is, people …