House, R. J., Spangler, W. D., &Woycke, J. (1991). Personality and charisma in the US presidency: A psychological theory of leader effectiveness.

A general model relating leader motives, charisma and performance was developed and tested with data on American presidents. Presidential motives and charisma together accounted for 37 percent of overall presidential performance, 41 percent of presidential economic performance, and 45 percent of presidential domestic social performance.

 

 

 

House, R. J., Spangler, W. D., & Woycke, J. (1991). Personality and charisma in the US presidency: A psychological theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative science quarterly, 364-396.

https://doi.org/10.2307/2393201