태그 글 보관함:attention

Samuel, A. G. (1991). A further examination of attentional effects in the phonemic restoration illusion. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 43(3), 679-699.

Models of how listeners understand speech must specify the types of representations that are computed, the nature of the flow of information, and the control structures that modify performance. Three experiments are reported that focus on the control processes in speech perception. Subjects in the experiments tried to discriminate stimuli in which a phoneme had …

더 보기 “Samuel, A. G. (1991). A further examination of attentional effects in the phonemic restoration illusion. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 43(3), 679-699.”

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 242-248.

As mindfulness research advances on a variety of fronts, it has become increasingly important to carefully define and measure the construct. In this commentary, we draw from our recent research experience on these topics in addressing four issues of primary concern to Bishop et al: The nature of mindfulness, the role of acceptance in the …

더 보기 “Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 242-248.”

Corbetta, M., Akbudak, E., Conturo, T. E., Snyder, A. Z., Ollinger, J. M., Drury, H. A., … &Shulman, G. L. (1998). A common network of functional areas for attention and eye movements.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and surface-based representations of brain activity were used to compare the functional anatomy of two tasks, one involving covert shifts of attention to peripheral visual stimuli, the other involving both attentional and saccadic shifts to the same stimuli. Overlapping regional networks in parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes were active in …

더 보기 “Corbetta, M., Akbudak, E., Conturo, T. E., Snyder, A. Z., Ollinger, J. M., Drury, H. A., … &Shulman, G. L. (1998). A common network of functional areas for attention and eye movements.”

Ophir, E., Nass, C., &Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(37), 15583-15587.

Chronic media multitasking is quickly becoming ubiquitous, although processing multiple incoming streams of information is considered a challenge for human cognition. A series of experiments addressed whether there are systematic differences in information processing styles between chronically heavy and light media multitaskers. A trait media multitasking index was developed to identify groups of heavy and …

더 보기 “Ophir, E., Nass, C., &Wagner, A. D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(37), 15583-15587.”

Farb, N. A., Segal, Z. V., &Anderson, A. K. (2012). Attentional modulation of primary interoceptive and exteroceptive cortices. Cerebral cortex, 23(1), 114-126.

How exteroceptive attention (EA) alters neural representations of the external world is well characterized, yet little is known about how interoceptive attention (IA) alters neural representations of the body’s internal state. We contrasted visual EA against IA toward respiration. Visual EA modulated striate and extrastriate cortices and a lateral frontoparietal “executive” network. By contrast, respiratory …

더 보기 “Farb, N. A., Segal, Z. V., &Anderson, A. K. (2012). Attentional modulation of primary interoceptive and exteroceptive cortices. Cerebral cortex, 23(1), 114-126.”

Tanaka, S., Sato, H., Sakai, M., &Sakano, Y. (2007). The relationship among self-focused attention, depression, and anxiety.

Self-focused attention is considered to be a cognitive characteristic of depression. However, some articles report that self-focused attention is also related to anxiety. This study examines the differential relationships of self-focused attention to depression and anxiety. The Preoccupation Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory T-Form were administered to 454 undergraduate students. The results …

더 보기 “Tanaka, S., Sato, H., Sakai, M., &Sakano, Y. (2007). The relationship among self-focused attention, depression, and anxiety.”

Mor, N., &Winquist, J. (2002). Self-focused attention and negative affect: a meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 128(4), 638.

This meta-analysis synthesized 226 effect sizes reflecting the relation between self-focused attention and negative affect (depression, anxiety, negative mood). The results demonstrate the multifaceted nature of self-focused attention and elucidate major controversies in the field. Overall, self-focus was associated with negative affect. Several moderators qualified this relationship. Self-focus and negative affect were more strongly related …

더 보기 “Mor, N., &Winquist, J. (2002). Self-focused attention and negative affect: a meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 128(4), 638.”

Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E. B., &Raskoff Zeiss, A. (1972). Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification.

Describes 3 experiments with a total of 92 3-5 yr. olds. Exp. I compared the effects of external and cognitive distraction from reward objects on the length of time which Ss waited for a preferred delayed reward before forfeiting it for a less preferred immediate one. In accord with predictions from an extension of frustrative …

더 보기 “Mischel, W., Ebbesen, E. B., &Raskoff Zeiss, A. (1972). Cognitive and attentional mechanisms in delay of gratification.”