Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., &Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People& #39;s relations to their work. Journal of research in personality, 31(1), 21-33.

We present evidence suggesting that most people see their work as either a Job (focus on financial rewards and necessity rather than pleasure or fulfillment; not a major positive part of life), a Career (focus on advancement), or a Calling (focus on enjoyment of fulfilling, socially useful work). Employees at two work sites (n= 196) with a wide range of occupations from clerical to professional were unambiguous in seeing their work primarily in terms of a Job, Career, or Calling. Differences in respondents’ relations to their work could not be reduced to demographic or occupational differences; an homogenous subset of 24 college administrative assistants were, like the total sample of respondents, distributed evenly across Job, Career, and Calling.

Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., &Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People’s relations to their work. Journal of research in personality, 31(1), 21-33.

https://doi.org/10.1006/jrpe.1997.2162